Student Discount
The hard economic times being faced by individuals around the globe today have led to need of new ways to release the financial pressure that has built up on their budget especially for the younger generation and the Student Discount has been one of the solutions that have been offered by various stores to help ease the burden that the academic lifestyle may bring at times. The emergence of these types of discounts has gone a long way in assisting the members of the younger generation who are mostly still in school thus might not have a stable source of income which they can rely on. The financial downturn being experienced by the world has affected many people and one can no longer afford to make luxury purchases as they struggle to ensure that they are able to meet the bare essentials.
The down trot in economic stability has led to the increase of prices in the market and almost all goods and services have been influenced by the shift leading to a rise in the standard cost of living in general.
The Student Discount that is offered in various retail stores have ensured that individuals are still able to achieve their academic objectives and succeed in life despite the poor state of conditions being faced at the moment. The discount is usually available to all individuals who are students no matter their age and mostly consist of material related to academic purposes such as text books and other publications, mathematical instruments such as calculators among other things.
There are a number of qualifications however that an individual may have to meet in some instances before they are able obtain a particular Student Discount.
These qualifications are only related to discounts that may be aimed at a specific group of students. An individual may be required to be a student of a particular institution in order to achieve a discount for example; these types of discounts may be found in businesses within a certain campus such as book shops and cafeterias. Other discounts are targeted at the general group and an individual can obtain a Student Discount at various functions and events that may be targeting this particular group of people. These discounts have also been great relief to parents with children who may be students as they lessen the burden of the education budget.
Steve Burford is the founder of Wealthy Student. Wealthy Student is a portal for students seeking money-saving offers and financial advice.
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Computer Science
In 1958, Chaim Pekeris completed a landmark project in computer science. As a physicist at the Weizmann Institute of Technology in Israel, he become fascinated with the relatively new science of quantum mechanics and its potential to explain from first principles the behaviour of atoms.
There was a problem however. The equation developed by Schrodinger that could do the job was too complex for mere mortals to handle. Using it to determine the electronic energy levels of a even a lowly helium atom was seemingly impossible.
Chaim had an idea, however: why not exploit the incipient field of computer science to do the job.
Today, Christoph Koutschan and Doron Zeilberger analyse the work he carried out over several years and compare it to the approach that they would take to the problem today. It makes for interesting reading.
Chaim’s task was monumental.
He first had to persuade the Wiezmann Institute and a technical committee including Einstein and Von Neumann, to build a computer. Einstein proved hard to persuade but was eventually won over by Von Neumann.
WEIZAC, Israel’s first electronic computer was built between 1954 and 1954. According to Wikipedia, WEIZAC was an asynchronous computer operating on 40-bit words. Instructions consisted of 20-bits: an 8-bit instruction code and 12-bits for addressing. For a memory it had a magnetic drum that could store 1,024 words.
Today you’d get more processing power out of a washing machine.
Before the computer could get involved, Pekeris had to work out how to describe the two atoms and nucleus of a helium atom using the kind of recurring partial differential equations that a computer could handle.
The result was a remarkable 33-term equation which he derived by hand, a single calculation that Koutschan and Zeilberger estimate must have taken 20 person hours.
The computer than had to be programmed–in machine code. That means writing it entirely in 0s and 1s, for which he recruited help from an early self taught programmer called Yigal Accad.
This program then kept WEIZAC busy for months, eventually producing a set of tables describing the energy levels of a helium atom, the first time this had been done accurately..
So how has Moore’s Law affected this process, ask Koutschan and Zeilberger.
They repeated Pekeris’ project using the modern tools of computer science to see how they compare.
They say that the numeric computation–the work done by WEIZAC–can be completed in a fraction of a second on any laptop such as Pavilion dv9000(Hp dv9000 battery) and Hp PB991A.
They also point out that the programming is much easier too, thanks to the many high level programming languages available today. Few people these days have to mess around with machine code, thankfully.
But perhaps the most surprising thing is that the algebra for working out the differential equations can also be done much faster today using computer algebra programs such as Mathematica and Maple.
Koutschan and Zeilberger say they were able to condense this part of the project, which took Pekeris at least 20-hours, into a 2-hour session.
That’s a fascinating study and counterintuitive in some ways too. While it’s easy to see the many orders of magnitude improvement that has improved hardware, it’s clear from this work that the speed up from software is more limited.
In particular, an order of magnitude improvement–from 20 hours to 2 hours–in the time it takes to do the algebra for this problem is a surprisingly small improvement over a 50 year period.
But given the nature of the problem, it’s hard to imagine how further order of magnitude improvements can be possible. What kind of computer algebra software could allow a human to program it work out these kind of differential equations in minutes or seconds.
Of course the limiting factor here is not the software but the ‘wetware’. Which means that the next generation of improvements will either have to focus on improving the wetware or taking it out of the loop entirely.
Math Theorists
1. Constance Kamii
a) Brief biography
Dr. Constance Kamii was born in Switzerland, Geneva, where she attended elementary school. She later went to Los Angeles for her high school education and to Pomona College for her college education. She was awarded a Ph.D. in psychology add education from University of Michigan. Today she is professor of early childhood education (ECD) at the Alabama University in Birmingham
b) Major contributions
She has been instrumental in developing of mathematical knowledge in young children, through her theory of Piaget’s theory. She continues to assist young children in understanding the implication of Piagetian theory. Her intellectual sincerity, together with a constant connection between the practice and Piaget’s theory leads a solid input into mathematics education of children.
c) Impact statement
She has made the teaching of mathematics, especially to young children possible. In that, if we work together with children, and lend them our ears, as well as watching them, the understanding of the concepts being thought will be simply. When teaching we ought to be very keen on watching how young children represent their understanding of what is being thought, especially with mathematics.
2. Catherine Twomey Fosnot
a) Brief biography
She is an Education professor at City College in New York City, Mathematics director in the City, and a national center of in- service in the City of New York.
b) Major contribution
Professor Catherine Fosnot has authored a number of articles and books regarding mathematics, the most recent being young mathematicians at work series. Due to her endless effort and significant contribution in developing mathematics, she got teacher of the year award from CCNY in 2005. She also received the ‘young scholar’ award from education communication and technology, as a director of mathematics in New York city she has twice won the best writing award from AERA’s constructvist.
c) Impact statement
Catherine has positively influenced approaches of teaching, especially Mathematics. She says learning to teach is a developmental process, and you get better in teaching by engaging the kids in investigations, listening to their strategies and ideas and by so doing, you get better in teaching approaches, simply by understanding kids. Teachers should restrain themselves from just teaching their own ideas and strategies.
3. Maarten Dolk
a) Brief biography
He is a developer and researcher of mathematics education in the Netherlands’ Freudenthal Institute.
b) Major contribution
He has developed professional materials for student teachers and teachers, has directed an in- service project in the Netherlands for both staff developers and teacher educators. He is coauthor of young mathematicians at work series.
c) Impact statement
In teaching approaches we need to use, or develop mathematical model for the best interest of the kids. Models are like open number line, and young mathematicians need to ‘own’ and use them in representing their strategies and ideas in problem resolution.
4) Thomas P. Carpenter (Goal oriented behavior theory).
a) Brief biography
He is a professor in the University of Wisconsin Madison, department of curriculum and instruction. He is also a director and researcher of mathematics and science at the national center for improving student learning and achievement in mathematics and Science (NCISLA).
b) Major contribution
He has helped in structuring the early national assessment of education progress (NAEP), he is the one who edited the Journal for research in mathematics education as from 1988 to 1992. He improved student achievements and learning as a director of national center.
c) Impact statement
Young children and other students’ achievement in learning can be positively influenced by the innovative methods of teaching and valid instructions from the teachers. Teachers should incorporate the mathematical ideas of students as part of classroom instructions.
5. Kathy Richardson
a) Brief biography
She received her University education from the Western Washington University from the year 1960 to 1964. She is the owner of math perspectives teacher development center.
b) Major contributions
She has been developing mathematics resource materials for teachers in elementary schools. Kathy’s concept of developing number series is used by both school districts and teachers countrywide. Her mathematical concepts help in assessing young students’ mathematical thinking.
c) Impact statement
When teaching young children, conversations, observations, and less writing should be emphasized, as what children write offers very little of what they think and know.
Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI)
In this theory you build on the children’s mathematics knowledge, is about the type of the problems, the strategies to take when solving the problem, how the young children develop cognitively, and how the teacher make use of her or his teaching styles. It also avail the framework to the teachers on understanding the computational development of the children.
Problem Centered Learning (PCL)
In this approach of teaching mathematics the tasks or problems are posed to a group of children, and solve the tasks in a collaborative manner. Each group has the mandate of defending its solution ideas to the class. This approach has appeared to spear head the achievement and improved attitude towards mathematics in children.
Conceptually Based Instruction (CBI)
In this kind of approach the students tend to develop the mathematical ideas by simple working through the problem.
Reflection
Teaching the young children to memorize the mathematical concepts, and solving the problems we are not helping the children but killing their mathematical development process. This will further delay the understanding capacity of the children, thus prolonging their ability towards understanding mathematical skills. These theories have also shown that, introducing symbols and equations to elementary children just make them more confused and unable to understand anything. When teaching mathematics we should build on the mathematical knowledge that the children already have, and must know the strategies of solving the math problem making use of all teaching styles that would make the children to understand.
The theories have emphasized working together with children, and ‘lending’ them our ears as well as watching them, the understanding the concepts being thought will be simple. When teaching we ought to be very keen on watching how young children represent their understanding of what is being thought, especially with mathematics. On addition to this, we should pay more attention on observing what children are doing, do a lot of conversations with the children, and give them less of paper work. The logic is that the mathematical ideas and strategies with young children surpass whatever they put down on the papers. We as teacher must put in mind that, a child getting an answer right in a mathematical problem does not automatically mean that he or she understood the underlying mathematical concept. For teacher to prepare young children for tomorrow success in math problems has to make sure children understand the core fundamental concepts of mathematics for success determination in future.
Teachers should encourage the spirit of collaborative learning amongst the children, as this will make them learn further than doing it on a solitary way. This is encouraged by these math theories because talking of children amongst themselves and with the teacher will not only reflect on their thoughts, but generation of thoughts as well. Children’s prior knowledge in math concepts must be recognized and further appreciated by the teacher, and provide logical materials to the children for development of novel mathematical concepts. Creation of community of learners is an important mathematical program emphasized in these theories, is very essential for young students as they feel comfortable talking about their errors, understanding other approaches, and working jointly for clear understanding of concepts. A teacher must set up a sense of community, value for others, and conducive surrounding by modeling a upbeat attitude towards math, accepting ‘mistakes’ as openings for learning, nurturing positive significant thinking, generating displays of student mathematics work, and recognizing the exceptional ways in which each child thinks.
Constance Kamii and Kathy Richardson were of a special interest to me, this is because the two encouraged the voice of the learner to be heard in the teaching process. Both put more emphasis on the need to engage the young children in conversations, listening to the children, and appreciating their mathematical concepts. Kathy for instance, put more weight on the teachers making sure that children understand the core foundation of mathematics through observations, conversations, and with less writing, saying that what children write offers very little than what they know and think mathematically (Uab publications, 2005). The questions to pursue as teaching math commences are: How does community learning help young students in understanding math concepts? Which teaching methods to be employed in order math to be developmental and enjoyable for both teachers and children?
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University clothing
When we move from school to college, the transition is very exciting but brings some challenges as well. The biggest and the main challenge are to shop for the university clothing. Now, we move around and look for the options, and then a bigger challenge comes up. What to choose from the available stuff. Hundreds of designers and brand labels which makes shopping really difficult. Often we get confused and ask for help from family and friends. One simple way of selection is to go by your budget and your personality. If you know what suits you well or what are your favorite colors or fabrics then things become slightly easy. So, next time when you go shopping make sure you analyze your persona well.
Now if you are in college you need to be associated with some sports team for which you require sports apparels. Which is your favorite sport? If you are a football enthusiast then you would be thrilled to know that you have a huge variety of football apparel to select from.
These sports apparel such as NBA jerseys, MLB jerseys, NHL jackets are great options for the college students.
Besides being cool and comfortable these college apparels are extremely durable. Unlike the expensive designer clothing, these clothes are quite in reach and can be afforded by student of any financial status.
For making your university clothing look more exciting and stylish, check out the sports stores which are known for quality sports apparels. These online stores have a huge variety of quality products which are mostly branded. If you are planning to buy your football apparel, then the best place to shop is on the web. The web-space offers you access to any or every online website which is dealing in university clothing. All the products are so well displayed that you get to know in detail about the product. This way you choose a better product and make a smart shopping. Some stores also offer self-manufactured apparel which is comparatively less expensive. So, either you want brand or local stuff, these stores offer you all.
Jag Jenny shares his knowledge on university clothing, football apparel that makes you able to find the plans that best fits your needs. If you want to know on university clothing, football apparel – visit – university clothing , football apparel
Universal Indicator
A Universal indicator is a pH indicator composed of a blend of several compounds that exhibits several smooth colour changes over a pH value range from 1-14 to indicate the acidity or basicity of solutions. Although there are a number of commercially available universal pH indicators, most are a variation of a formula patented by Yamada in 1923. Details of this patent can be found in Chemical Abstracts.
Experiments with Yamada’s Universal Indicator are also described in the Journal of Chemical Education.
Details
A universal indicator is typically composed of water, methanol, propan-1-ol, phenolphthalein sodium salt, methyl red, bromothymol blue monosodium salt, and thymol blue monosodium salt
The colours that indicate the pH of a solution, after adding a universal indicator are:
pH range
Description
Colour
0-3
Strong acid
Red
3-6
Acid
Orange/Yellow
7
Neutral
Green
8-11
Base
Blue
11-14
Strong Base
Purple
There are now also available wide range pH test papers with distinct colours for each pH from 1 to 14. Colour matching charts are supplied with the specific test strips purchased.
See also
Litmus test
References
^ Jap. Pat. 99,664, Feb 21, 1933
^ Chem Abstr, 28, 2258 (1934)
^ For a discussion of these experiments, as well as recipes for Yamada and other universal indicators, see Foster, S.F. and Gruntfest, J.Chem.Educ., 14, 274(1937)
^ “Universal Indicator”. ISCID Encyclopedia of Science and Philosophy.
Categories: PH indicators
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Explore Numerous Career Opportunities At The Old Dominion University
ODU is a public research university located in Norfolk, Virginia. Earlier placed at the midpoint of various list of colleges and universities, the campus is now competing with many large varsities in United States. National Science Foundation also had some encouraging words to say about ODU, in terms of R & D expenditures and results.
Talking about the positive aspects of the campus, there are 2 things which make education at the Old Dominion University, an out of the ordinary experience. First is the campuss standing at the safe school index list and secondly due to the many special learning opportunities available at the campus.
Old Dominion campus supports the distance learning facility which further broadens the career opportunities. In fact, ODU is considered one of the largest centers of online distance learning courses in United States. With support to the study abroad concept and ROTC (Air Force, Navy and Army) along with teacher certifications, the college is a nice way to head start your career. Like most colleges, weekend college system runs here as well.
ACT/SAT Test scores for Admission
The 25/75th percentile cumulative score stands at 18 / 23 in terms of ACT, while the average SAT scores required here are 970 out of a possible 1160. Federal, state and local grant aid apart from student loan system is made available by the university.
The university gets some negative points as it doesnt have an on-campus day care facility, but the presence of Academic & Career Counseling centers and PT Cost defraying Employment cells along with the career placement cell gives some brownie points in the student facilities category for the university.
Business administration and management remains the top choice of students enrolling here, but fields of psychology, nursing, social health sciences and other interdisciplinary studies are getting popular with the enrolments scene.
In terms of athletics, mens sports teams are called Monarchs, while their female counterparts are called Lady Monarchs. Old Dominion has 18 athletic teams participating in the Colonial Athletic Association.
All in all, with improvements in every sector, Old Dominion is making a mark not only in Norfolk but in Virginia and further as well.ODU is a public research university located in Norfolk, Virginia. Earlier placed at the midpoint of various list of colleges and universities, the campus is now competing with many large varsities in United States. National Science Foundation also had some encouraging words to say about ODU, in terms of R & D expenditures and results.
Talking about the positive aspects of the campus, there are 2 things which make education at the Old Dominion University, an out of the ordinary experience. First is the campuss standing at the safe school index list and secondly due to the many special learning opportunities available at the campus.
Old Dominion campus supports the distance learning facility which further broadens the career opportunities. In fact, ODU is considered one of the largest centers of online distance learning courses in United States. With support to the study abroad concept and ROTC (Air Force, Navy and Army) along with teacher certifications, the college is a nice way to head start your career. Like most colleges, weekend college system runs here as well.
ACT/SAT Test scores for Admission
The 25/75th percentile cumulative score stands at 18 / 23 in terms of ACT, while the average SAT scores required here are 970 out of a possible 1160. Federal, state and local grant aid apart from student loan system is made available by the university.
The university gets some negative points as it doesnt have an on-campus day care facility, but the presence of Academic & Career Counseling centers and PT Cost defraying Employment cells along with the career placement cell gives some brownie points in the student facilities category for the university.
Business administration and management remains the top choice of students enrolling here, but fields of psychology, nursing, social health sciences and other interdisciplinary studies are getting popular with the enrolments scene.
In terms of athletics, mens sports teams are called Monarchs, while their female counterparts are called Lady Monarchs. Old Dominion has 18 athletic teams participating in the Colonial Athletic Association.
All in all, with improvements in every sector, Old Dominion is making a mark not only in Norfolk but in Virginia and further as well.
Old Dominion University accommodates regular learning along with distance learning aspects as well, which broadens the scale of career opportunities for its students. To know more about what to expect at the Old Dominion University, please read an academic inclined review at stateuniversity.com.
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